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Since cats are solitary hunters, they need to have free access to resources without being challenged by other cats. Key environmental resources include feeding areas, fresh water, litter boxes, scratching posts, play and resting/sleeping areas.
Each cat needs access to one each key resource in a different locations.
Each resource should be in a separate location and each cat should have a choice of resources; for example, a minimum of two resting areas, two feeding areas and two toilet areas. Food and water resources should be separated from each other allowing cats in a multi-cat household to eat and drink without contact with one another.
The American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP), the leaders in feline health and welfare, provides the following list of resources to help you provide a stress-free and secure home environment for your cat.
"Five Items for a Secure Environment for Your Cat
Food – Predictable meal times and individual food bowls for each cat in your household.
Water – Clean fresh water in a location that is appealing to your cat.
Toilet – A convenient, clean, and private litter box to serve your kitty. As a general rule of thumb, the number of litter boxes should be one more then the number of cats in your household.Many cats prefer a larger litter box that is one and a half times the length of their body, and at least one and a half inches deep.Litter should be scooped at least once daily.
Safe Place to Sleep – Soft bedding, as well as familiar smells and sounds, provides security for your cat. Some cats also like to be provided with soft, cozy places to hide.
Familiar Territory – Face-rubbing and scratching surfaces leaves your cat’s scent, and marks the territory with a personal touch. Be sure to supply plenty of scratching posts to encourage appropriate scratching."
The following suggestions are offered in addition to those above.
Indoor resting areas, such as a perch or secure hiding place, should include a location that allows the cat visibility of the outdoors.
Toilet areas should be isolated from all other resources
Every cat within a household should have its own separate feeding station and water supply located in separate areas to prevent confrontations.